The Formative Formulations Derived from the Human Body and Animal to Enrich Ceramic in Sudan
Abstract
With its aesthetic and natural values, whether realistic or abstract, the human and animal body is an incentive for the potter to give a new dimension to ceramics and global artistic production. Those formative decorative designs derived from the human and animal body, according to each people's local visions, emanate from their thought and culture, and beliefs. The formative designs inferred from them constitute the general structure of the ceramic body, overtaking it as a limited decorative element.
The human body and animal are also standard for aesthetic values . The synthesis and experimentation of modernity plasticize in forming materials and synthesis methods between them. The presentation of formative alternatives and innovative solutions and technical treatments for their surfaces is consistent with the clay material's specificity and the stages that the ceramic pieces go through and are affected by the various factors that affect the final product.
The researcher described and analysed samples of the available ceramics that fit the research title. These models go back to some ancient Sudanese civilizations, and the ceramic professors produced other models at the College of Fine and Applied Arts in Khartoum. They are the ones who employed the human and animal body. They also incorporated them into different designs, using manual construction techniques, such as building with clay ropes, in part of the ceramic piece and other parts executed by the potter's wheel, with traditional decorative units associated with a specific region or tribe. The researcher explained the physical composition of that Models, their features, and the ornamentation of their shapes and colors. Moreover, the merging and harmonization of all this, side-by-side, formulates interconnected formulative elements, confirms the piece's idea and the form of the forged elements, and the enrichment of artistic and aesthetic values, which is what the contemporary Sudanese potter means.
References
القرآن الكريم
1. ابراهيم، فتحية طريف (2004) بعنوان : الصياغات التشكيلية للطائر كمدخل لإثراء مجال الخزف ، مجلة بحوث في التربية الفنية، جامعة حلوان ، المجلد الحادي عشر ، العدد الحادي عشر.
2. آدم ، تاور كوكو الياس (2013م) : دور ووظيفة الفخار والخزفيات في السودان ، دراسة دكتوراه ، جامعة السودان للعلوم والتكنولوجيا.
3. الزاكي ، عمر حاج (مايو1983م) : الاله آمون في مملكة مروي 750ق.م-350م مطبوعات كلية الدراسات العليا بحث رقم (5) جامعة الخرطوم.
4. الزاكي ، عمر حاج (2005م) : مملكة مروي التاريخ والحضارة ، سلسلة إصدارات وحدة تنفيذ السدود ، الخرطوم إصدارة رقم (7).
5. الحاكم ، أحمد محمد علي ، شارلي بونيه، ترجمة صلاح الدين محمد أحمد (1997م) : كرمة مملكة النوبة تراث أفريقيا من عهد الفراعنة.
6. الشال ، عبدالغني (1998م) : فن الخزف – مركز النشر جامعة حلوان – القاهرة.
7. النور ، أسامه عبد الرحمن (2004م) : دراسات في تاريخ السودان القديم- ام درمان.
8. المليجي ، حلمي . (1972م) : علم النفس المعاصر . دار النهضة العربية ، بيروت لبنان.
9. دفع الله ، سامية بشير(1999م) : تاريخ الحضارات السودانية القديمة منذ أقدم العصور وحتى قيام مملكة نبتة.
10. كمال الدين ، راحيل حسن صالح العريفي (2017م) : استمرارية الرمز التشكيلي في السودان بين الموروث والحداثة ، دراسة دكتوراه ، جامعة السودان للعلوم والتكنولوجيا.
11. عبده ، ﻣﺻطﻔﻰ (2005م) : الانسان ذلك الكائن الجمالي المكرم . جامعة النيلين – كلية الآداب.
12. عواد ، خالد السريحي (2015) : جماليات التعبير في الخزف السعودي وإمكانات الإفادة من الموروث الشعبي في الشكل الخزفي
13. شارلي بونيه، صلاح الدين محمد أحمد (1997م) : السودان ممالك علي النيل.
14. فرانسيس جيوز، ترجمة أسامه عبد الرحمن النور : مدافن المجموعة الثالثة (ج) .
15. هربرت ريد (1968م) : الفن اليوم – ترجمة محمد فتحي – دار المعارف – القاهرة.
16. محمد ، شريف نجم الدين (مايو1971م) : السودان القديم وآثاره – مصلحة الآثار وزارة التربية والتعليم العالي , جمهورية السودان الديمقراطية, دار الطباعة قسم التأليف والنشر , جامعة الخرطوم.
References
1. Ibrahim, Fathia Tarif (2004) entitled: Plastic Formulations of Birds as an Introduction to Enriching the Field of Ceramics, Journal of Research in Art Education, Helwan University, Volume XI, Issue XI.
2. Adam, Tower Coco Elias (2013 AD): The Role and Function of Pottery and Ceramics in Sudan, PhD Study, Sudan University of Science and Technology.
3. Al-Zaki, Omar Haj (May 1983 AD): The God Amun in the Kingdom of Meroe 750 BC-350 AD Publications of the Faculty of Graduate Studies Research No. (5) University of Khartoum.
4. Al-Zaki, Omar Haj (2005 AD): Meroe Kingdom, History and Civilization, The Dams Implementation Unit Publications Series, Khartoum Edition No. (7).
5. Al Hakim, Ahmed Muhammad Ali, Charlie Bonnet, translated by Salah al-Din Muhammad Ahmad (1997 AD): The vine of the Kingdom of Nubia, the heritage of Africa from the era of the Pharaohs.
6. Al-Shall, Abd Al-Ghani (1998 AD): Ceramic Art - Helwan University Publishing Center - Cairo.
7. Al-Nur, Osama Abdel-Rahman (2004 AD): Studies in the History of Ancient Sudan - Omdurman.
8. Al-Meligy, Helmy. (1972 AD): Contemporary Psychology. Arab Renaissance House, Beirut, Lebanon.
9. Dafa Allah, Samia Bashir (1999 AD): History of the ancient Sudanese civilizations from the earliest times until the establishment of the Kingdom of Napata.
10. Kamal Al-Din, Rachel Hassan Saleh Al-Arifi (2017 AD): The Continuity of the Formative Symbol in Sudan between Heritage and Modernity, PhD Study, Sudan University of Science and Technology.
11. Abdo, Mustafa (2005 AD): The human being is that esteemed aesthetic being. Al-Neelain University - College of Arts.
12. Awwad, Khaled Al-Suraihi (2015): The Aesthetics of Expression in Saudi Ceramics and the Potential for Benefiting from the Popular Heritage in the Ceramic Form.
13. Charlie Bonnet, Salah El-Din Mohamed Ahmed (1997): Sudan is kingdoms on the Nile.
14. Francis Jayouz, translated by Osama Abd al-Rahman al-Nur: The Cemeteries of the Third Group (C).
15. Herbert Reed (1968 AD): Art Today - translated by Muhammad Fathy - Dar Al Maaref - Cairo.
16. Muhammad, Sherif Najm al-Din (May 1971 AD): Ancient Sudan and its Monuments - Department of Antiquities, Ministry of Education and Higher Education, Democratic Republic of Sudan, Printing House, Department of Authorship and Publishing, University of Khartoum.
17. A.J Arkell : Early Khartoum, Oxford University press London 1849
18. Bates, O. - Dunham, D. 1927 “Excavations at Gammai.” In E. A. Hooton and N. I. Bates, eds., Varia Africana IV. Harvard African Studies, Vol VIII. Peabody Museum of Harvard University, Cambridge (Mass.).
19. Bonnet, C.1988 Les fouilles archéologiques de Kerma (Soudan), Rapport préliminaire sur les campagnes de 1986-1987 et de 1987-1988.
20. Dolf Riesser : Art and science , Studio Vista , London 1972.
21. Edwards N-D-2004-The Nubian Past An Archaeology of the Sudan – London.
22. Herbert Read : Modern Sculpture Reprinted, Thames and Hudson New York, 1986.
23. John. B. Kenny : Ceramic Sculpture Publisher, New York, 1986
24. Jonathan Tairbanks : The Pottery , printed in Singapore, 1996.
25. Peter Lane : Ceramic Frm , A Cblack. London, 1998.
26. Williams Y. Adams : Nubia Corridor to Africa, Allen lane, Penguin Book Ltd, London 1977.
