The Preposition Stranding in IRAQI Arabic Sluicing Conditions and Generalization
Keywords:
Preposition Stranding, IRAQI Arabic Sluicing
Abstract
This paper discusses and challenges the apparent violation of the Merchant Preposition Stranding Generalization (PSG) of 2001. As initiating with the description of the non-prepositive stranding language sluicing in Iraqi Arabic, optional tends to show in stranding and pied-piping a preposition. The study addresses an account arguing that Iraqi Arabic sluicing only derived from a cleft source under preposition stranded (p stranding). Therefore, pseudosluicing is an instance given its presence as sluicing.
The evident P-stranding violation is that the wh-pivots of clefts cannot be contributed significantly by a preposition in Iraqi Arabic. Therefore, in the face of initial appearances, the Iraqi Arabic is not a counter-example of the generalisation of the merchant. In addition, two separate sources in Iraqi Arabic of IP ellipse are proposed: sluicing and pseudosluicing, both of which generated by wh-movement plus IP deletion. On the basis of both these sluicing-related evidence, updated evidence for the study of Arabic Class II interrogatives as copular clauses are given.
References
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27. Merchant, J. (2001). The syntax of silence: Sluicing, islands, and the theory of ellipsis. Oxford University Press on Demand.
28. Nevins, A., Rodrigues C. & Vincente, L. (2009). Cleaving the interactions between sluicing and p-stranding. In Torck, D. & Wetzels W. L. (eds.), Romance Languages and Linguistic Theory 2006: selected papers from ‘Going Romance’, Amsterdam, 7–9 December 2006. 175–198. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
29. Nevins, A., Rodrigues C. & Vincente, L. (2009). Cleaving the interactions between sluicing and p-stranding. In Torck, D. & Wetzels W. L. (eds.), Romance Languages and Linguistic Theory 2006: selected papers from ‘Going Romance’, Amsterdam, 7–9 December 2006.175–198. Amsterdam: John Benjamins
30. Ouhalla, J. (2004). Semitic Relatives. Linguistic Inquiry, 35(2), 288-300. https://doi.org/10.1162/002438904323019084
31. Paul, I. (2001). Concealed pseudo-clefts. Lingua, 111(10), 707-727. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0024-3841(00)00044-9
32. Phoocharoensil, S. (2017). Acquisition of English Preposition Pied-piping and Preposition Stranding. The International Journal Of Communication And Linguistic Studies, 15(2), 1-12. doi: 10.18848/2327-7882/cgp/v15i02/1-12
33. Pollman, T. (1975). Een regel die subject en copula deleert? Spektator 5, 282-292
34. Ross, J. R. (1969). Guess who? In Binnick, R., Davidson, A., Green, G. & Morgan, J. (eds.),Papers from the fifth regional meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society, 252-286,Chicago Linguistic Society.
35. Slavkov, N. (2014). Long-distance wh-movement and long-distance wh-movement avoidance in L2 English: Evidence from French and Bulgarian speakers. Second Language Research, 31(2), 179-210. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267658314554939
36. Sugisaki, K., & Snyder, W. (2002). The Acquisition Of Preposition Stranding And The Compounding Parameter. English Linguistics, 19(2), 291-307. doi: 10.9793/elsj1984.19.291.
37. Sungshim Hong. (2016). Even Wh-doublets Don't Move in a Language Without Wh-movement. Studies In Generative Grammar, 26(4), 427-451. https://doi.org/10.15860/sigg.26.4.201611.427
38. Takami, K. (1988). Preposition stranding. Lingua, 76(4), 299-335. doi: 10.1016/0024-3841(88)90022-8
39. toma, s. (2020). From Wh-Movement to Wh-In-Situ Acquisition of I-To-C Movement in English Interrogative Constructions by Kurdish Learners. Humanities Journal Of University Of Zakho, 8(1), 159-171. https://doi.org/10.26436/hjuoz.2020.8.1.585
40. Vangsnes, Ø. (2017). Wh-less degree questions. Nordic Atlas Of Language Structures Journal, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.5617/nals.5417
41. Yeun-Jin Jung. (2018). Coordinated Multiple Wh-questions in Wh-in-situ Languages: A Mono-Clausal Movement Analysis. Studies In Generative Grammar, 28(1), 91-125. https://doi.org/10.15860/sigg.28.1.201802.91
42. Young, L. (2008). Pied-piping and Preposition Stranding in Terms of Optimality Theory. Korean Journal Of English Language And Linguistics, 8(2), 251-264. doi: 10.15738/kjell.8.2.200806.251
2. Algryani, A. (2019). The Syntax of Sluicing in Omani Arabic. International Journal Of English Linguistics, 9(6), 337. doi: 10.5539/ijel.v9n6p337
3. Antonelli, A. (2017). WH-CLAUSES IN CLASSICAL PORTUGUESE: VERB MOVEMENT AND THE LEFT PERIPHERY | ORAÇÕES-WH NO PORTUGUÊS CLÁSSICO: MOVIMENTO DO VERBO E PERIFERIA ESQUERDA. Estudos Linguísticos E Literários, (58), 13. https://doi.org/10.9771/ell.v0i58.26803
4. Chao, W. (1987). On Ellipsis, unpublished Ph. D (Doctoral dissertation, dissertation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst).
5. Chernova, E. (2017). On wh-movement in Spanish Echo Questions. Borealis – An International Journal Of Hispanic Linguistics, 6(2), 181-205. https://doi.org/10.7557/1.6.2.4146
6. Chomsky, N. & Lasnik, H. (1993). Principles and Parameters Theory. In Jacobs, J. von Stechow,A., Sternefield, W. & Vannemann, T. (eds.), Syntax: An International Handbook of Contemporary Research, 506-569. Berlin: de Gruyter.
7. Chomsky, N. (1972). Some empirical issues in the theory of transformational grammar. In Peters, S. (ed.), The goals of linguistic theory, 63-130. Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs
8. Chung, S., Ladusaw, W. A. & McCloskey, J. (1995). Sluicing and Logical Form. Natural Language Semantics 3: 239–282.
9. Culicover, P., & Jackendoff, R. (2006). The simpler syntax hypothesis. Trends In Cognitive Sciences, 10(9), 413-418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2006.07.007
10. Declerck, R. (1984). The pragmatics of it-clefts and WH-clefts. Lingua, 64(4), 251-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3841(84)90065-2
11. Denison, C., & Kodadek, T. (1998). Small-molecule-based strategies for controlling gene expression. Chemistry & Biology, 5(6), R129-R145. doi: 10.1016/s1074-5521(98)90167-3
12. Duguine, M., & Irurtzun, A. (2014). From obligatory WH-movement to optional WH-in-situ in Labourdin Basque. Language, 90(1), e1-e30. https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2014.0006
13. Erteschik-Shir, N., & Lappin, S. (1983). Under stress: A functional explanation of English sentence stress. Journal of linguistics, 19(2), 419-453.
14. Harris, A. C. & Campbell, L. (1995). Historical Syntax in Cross-linguistic Perspective.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
15. Herslund, M. (1984). Particles, Prefixes and Preposition Stranding. Nys, Nydanske Sprogstudier, 14(14), 34. doi: 10.7146/nys.v14i14.13331
16. Herslund, M. (1984). Particles, Prefixes and Preposition Stranding. Nys, Nydanske Sprogstudier, 14(14), 34. doi: 10.7146/nys.v14i14.13331
17. Joo, Y. (2015). Wh-Interrogative Acquisition and Wh-Movement in Child Language. Studies In Modern Grammar, 2015(83), 41-59. https://doi.org/10.14342/smog.2015.83.41
18. Kim,Sun-Woong. (2010). On the Reparability of Preposition Stranding. Linguistic Research, 27(1), 137-164. doi: 10.17250/khisli.27.1.201004.006
19. King, R., & Roberge, Y. (1990). Preposition Stranding In Prince Edward Island French. Probus, 2(3). doi: 10.1515/prbs.1990.2.3.351
20. Kotek, H. (2013). Intervention, covert movement, and focus computation in multiple wh-questions. LSA Annual Meeting Extended Abstracts, 4, 23. https://doi.org/10.3765/exabs.v0i0.797
21. Lasnik, H. (2001). When can you save a structure by destroying it? In Kim, M. & Strauss, U. (eds.), Proceedings of NELS 31, 301-320. Vol. 2. University of Massachusetts, Amherst:
GLSA Publications.
22. Lasnik, H. (2007). On Ellipsis: The PF Approach to Missing Constituents. University of Maryland Working Papers in Linguistics 15, 143-153
23. Leung, M., Phan, V., & Leung, D. (2014). Endothelial function and left ventricular diastolic functional reserve in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Open Heart, 1(1), e000113. doi: 10.1136/openhrt-2014-000113.
24. Leung, T. (2014). The Preposition Stranding Generalization and Conditions on Sluicing: Evidence from Emirati Arabic. Linguistic Inquiry, 45(2), 332-340. doi: 10.1162/ling_a_00158
25. Lobeck, A. (1991). The phrase structure of ellipsis. In Rothstein, S. (ed.), Perspectives on Phrase Structure, 81-103. San Diego: Academic Press
26. Lugo-Candelas, C., Flegenheimer, C., McDermott, J., & Harvey, E. (2016). Emotional Understanding, Reactivity, and Regulation in Young Children with ADHD Symptoms. Journal Of Abnormal Child Psychology, 45(7), 1297-1310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-016-0244-7
27. Merchant, J. (2001). The syntax of silence: Sluicing, islands, and the theory of ellipsis. Oxford University Press on Demand.
28. Nevins, A., Rodrigues C. & Vincente, L. (2009). Cleaving the interactions between sluicing and p-stranding. In Torck, D. & Wetzels W. L. (eds.), Romance Languages and Linguistic Theory 2006: selected papers from ‘Going Romance’, Amsterdam, 7–9 December 2006. 175–198. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
29. Nevins, A., Rodrigues C. & Vincente, L. (2009). Cleaving the interactions between sluicing and p-stranding. In Torck, D. & Wetzels W. L. (eds.), Romance Languages and Linguistic Theory 2006: selected papers from ‘Going Romance’, Amsterdam, 7–9 December 2006.175–198. Amsterdam: John Benjamins
30. Ouhalla, J. (2004). Semitic Relatives. Linguistic Inquiry, 35(2), 288-300. https://doi.org/10.1162/002438904323019084
31. Paul, I. (2001). Concealed pseudo-clefts. Lingua, 111(10), 707-727. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0024-3841(00)00044-9
32. Phoocharoensil, S. (2017). Acquisition of English Preposition Pied-piping and Preposition Stranding. The International Journal Of Communication And Linguistic Studies, 15(2), 1-12. doi: 10.18848/2327-7882/cgp/v15i02/1-12
33. Pollman, T. (1975). Een regel die subject en copula deleert? Spektator 5, 282-292
34. Ross, J. R. (1969). Guess who? In Binnick, R., Davidson, A., Green, G. & Morgan, J. (eds.),Papers from the fifth regional meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society, 252-286,Chicago Linguistic Society.
35. Slavkov, N. (2014). Long-distance wh-movement and long-distance wh-movement avoidance in L2 English: Evidence from French and Bulgarian speakers. Second Language Research, 31(2), 179-210. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267658314554939
36. Sugisaki, K., & Snyder, W. (2002). The Acquisition Of Preposition Stranding And The Compounding Parameter. English Linguistics, 19(2), 291-307. doi: 10.9793/elsj1984.19.291.
37. Sungshim Hong. (2016). Even Wh-doublets Don't Move in a Language Without Wh-movement. Studies In Generative Grammar, 26(4), 427-451. https://doi.org/10.15860/sigg.26.4.201611.427
38. Takami, K. (1988). Preposition stranding. Lingua, 76(4), 299-335. doi: 10.1016/0024-3841(88)90022-8
39. toma, s. (2020). From Wh-Movement to Wh-In-Situ Acquisition of I-To-C Movement in English Interrogative Constructions by Kurdish Learners. Humanities Journal Of University Of Zakho, 8(1), 159-171. https://doi.org/10.26436/hjuoz.2020.8.1.585
40. Vangsnes, Ø. (2017). Wh-less degree questions. Nordic Atlas Of Language Structures Journal, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.5617/nals.5417
41. Yeun-Jin Jung. (2018). Coordinated Multiple Wh-questions in Wh-in-situ Languages: A Mono-Clausal Movement Analysis. Studies In Generative Grammar, 28(1), 91-125. https://doi.org/10.15860/sigg.28.1.201802.91
42. Young, L. (2008). Pied-piping and Preposition Stranding in Terms of Optimality Theory. Korean Journal Of English Language And Linguistics, 8(2), 251-264. doi: 10.15738/kjell.8.2.200806.251
Published
2021-02-02
How to Cite
Assistant Lect. Weam L. Saleh. (2021). The Preposition Stranding in IRAQI Arabic Sluicing Conditions and Generalization. Journal of Arts, Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences, (64), 401-421. https://doi.org/10.33193/JALHSS.64.2021.424
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