A Proposed Climate Classification to Define Climate Regions

(with application to Iraq and Libya as a model)

Abstract

Geographical studies, by their nature, keep pace with modernity and continuous development. They have witnessed development in all its branches and are now dependent on everything new and modern. As a result of this development, it became an urgent necessity to find a new climatic classification since the previous classifications mostly date back to the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century and most of the studies that attempted to classify climate A region depends on these regions because there is no modern classification that can be relied upon in the twenty-first century. Therefore, this proposed classification is an attempt to emerge a modern classification that can classify the studied area into four climatic regions (humid, semi-humid, semi-arid and arid), which relied on four Climatic elements, which are (actual solar radiation, precipitation, evaporation, and relative humidity).

The first region is represented by the humid climate, which represents the northern region of Iraq, as it includes the stations of Zakho, Erbil, Sulaymaniyah, Sinjar and Tal Afar, as the result of equation -1 (or more), which occupies an area estimated at about 41294 km2) i.e. It represents a percentage (9.5%) of the total area of ​​Iraq, and with regard to the second region of the climatic regions, it is represented by the semi-arid climate that occupies an area of ​​50,896 square meters, as it represents a percentage (11.7%) of the total area of ​​Iraq. In four climatic stations, which are Mosul, Kirkuk, Khanaqin and Baiji, the results of the equation in these stations ranged between (0.4_0.1), while the third region affecting Iraq is represented by the dry region, which occupies a larger area than the rest of the climatic regions in Iraq, reaching 343153 m 2), and it represents a percentage (78.8%) of the total area of ​​Iraq, and the results of the equation ranged in the stations located within this region between (0.5 _1.3). as for Libya, after applying the classification to it, it became clear that there are four climatic regions affecting it, representing the first region in the (humid climate region) which occupied an area of ​​up to 53137 square meters of the total area of ​​1946342 square meters (i.e. 2.7%) It included each of the station (Derna, Shahat, Misurata and Tripoli), as the value of the equation for each of them was (-1). As for the second region (the semi-humid climate region), it occupied an area of ​​up to 72,617 square meters (3.7%) and it included stations (Tobruk, Gharyan, and Sirte) as the result of the equation in them ranged between (-7_-6) and that the highest area occupied by the arid climatic region was occupied by an area estimated at (1636797 square meters), i.e. 84.1% of the total area of ​​the state.