The Phenomenon of Semantic Contradiction in Arabic Language and Its Effect in the Meaning

دراسة احصائية في معجم "جمـهـرة اللغة" لابن دريد (ت321هـ)

Abstract

It is one of the characteristics of Arabic. Contradiction is a kind of relationship between meanings, perhaps closer to the mind than any other relationship. The mere mention of one of the meanings calls against this meaning to the mind, especially among the colors. In the meaning of meanings, if it is permissible that the one word expresses two opposing meanings, because bringing one of them in mind usually excludes the other. This research aims at clarification of opposites at Ibin Duraid in the lexicography (Jamharat allugha )and elicitation  of its syllabus  in studying the phenomenon and discussing its words. We mentioned those words  according to their mention in the book and their numbers reached (48)forty eight vocabularies  and we paraded  the method of Ibin Duraid in handling such words by description and analysis . We extracted the conception of opposites   at him where it is clear that the term (against )  remained till the time of( Ibin Duraid )  gametes whose features  do not differentiate   and we extracted the landmarks of its  method  where it has ten features : (contextual  interpretation  ,quotation ,declaration of the mention of both opposites and the judgment of the word / pronunciation  against and declaration of the references in addition to tenses of some words or pronunciations . measurement , references and derivation ).Additionally   we found out the extent of its being affected by who preceded  him  approval or disapproval ,then  we collected his final sayings in the opposites transmitted  by the classified  behind him . I divided the research  with exception of the preface into three chapters , the first chapter is the phenomenon  of  Semantic contradiction in the Arabic language and its  effect in the meaning , second chapter is on the technical study of the phenomenon of the opposite / against and the third chapter deals with studying the contrastive  words / pronunciations  in the lexicography ( Jamharat Alugha)of Ibin Duraid ( deceased 321 AH) and we ended the research with conclusion .