A new Look at the Wars of the Three Kingdoms Scotland, Ireland and England (1639-1651)
Abstract
England underwent a long period in the Middle Ages to foreign control and the people adapted to that control and benefited from the experiences of the occupier in developing new political systems, that England was the smallest kingdom of the European feudal continents, at that time, and before its neighbors a real nation state distinct from the feudal system was established, when all of England melted Under strong rulers.
Within that context, after England turned to the parliamentary system a "constitutional" victory, as the compatibility between the crown and the parish becomes clear, but what happens is that the old administrative means have not been able to face the pressure of the new demands, and this indicated the possibility of coups and revolutions, which sometimes overcome The contradictory regimes in their times, and their intensity are commensurate with the amount of challenges facing the political, social and economic demands that have resulted in the violence that is the most prominent manifestation of revolutions, so revolutions are violent because they are late hindered victories by new social forces over conservative antiquated systems clinging to their.
References
1- An History of England in aseries of Leters From Anobleman to His son , Vol.ll , Paris, theophilus Barrios,1788,p.29.
2- Thomas Carlyle , Oliver Cromwells Letters and Speeches , Vol.1, London ,J.M .Dent and Son, 1926 .
3- John Bruce , Charles 1in 1646 , Letters of King Charles the first to Queen Henrietta Maria, London, Camden Society , 1856.
4- Brianl Blakeley ,Lincollins Jacque , Documents In British History , Second Edition , Usa ,1993.
5- Peter Bayne , Documents Relating to the Settlement of the Church of England by the Act of Uniformity of 162, London, 1862.
6- Henry Bettenson, Documents of the Christain Church, oxford University Press , London, 1943.
ثانيا: المذكرات
1- Richard Bulstrode, Memoirs and Reflections upon the Reign and Governmerit of king Charles l and king Charlesll, London, Bible crown, 1721 .
2- Momorial of Denzil Lord Holles , Select tracts Relating to the Civil war in England in the Reign of king Charles Iby Writers Who Lived in the time of those wars and Were witnesses of the Events, Part l., London, R.wilke,1815.
ثالثا: الكتب المعربة
1- روبرت بالمر , تاريخ العالم الحديث , ترجمه محمود حسين الامين, مؤسسة فرانكلين للطباعة والنشر الموصل ,1964 .
2- ول وايرل ديوارنت, قصة الحضارة , المجلد الثامن , ج2 , ترجمه محمد علي ابو درة , بيروت , ( د.ت ) .
3- ه. ج ويلز , معالم تاريخ الانسانية , ترجمة عبد العزيز توفيق جاويد , المجلد الرابع , في التاريخ الحديث 1600-1965 , القاهرة , 1965 .
رابعا : الكتب الاجنبية
1- E.H, Dance ,Britain in the old world and the New, 1485-1714 , book2, London , Longmans Green and Co.,1946,
2- P.Edward Cheyney, Ashort History of England , London Ginn and Co.,1919.
3- Alison Weir, the war of the Rosses, London , Uintage Books, 1998.
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5- Robert Bliss, Restoration Politics and government (1660- 1688) ,UsA ,1985 .
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7- Trevelyan, History of England , London, Longmans Green and Co.,1944.
8- Cordery Bertha Meriton, the struggle Against Absolute Monarchy 1603-1688, Toronto Adam Miller,1877.
9- Louise Coutir , History of the English Revolution, vol.l Oxford ,1838.
10- Edward Creasy , The Rise and Progress of the English Constitution , London , Macmillan and Co. Ltd., 1907.
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12- Edward Hyde clarendon , the History of the Rebellion and Civil wars , Vol.l,ox ford, clarendon Press, 1826 .
13- Samuel Rownson Gardiner , History of England from the Accession of James 1to outbreak of the Civil wars, 1603-1642 , vol.x, London, Longaman Green and Co.,1891
14- James Barbary , Puritan and Cavalier , The English Civil war , New York , Thomas Nelson Publishers , 1977.
15- Charles firth, Oliver Cromwell, London , G.p. Putnams Sons , 1900.
الموسوعات
1- جون هامرتن , تاريخ العالم , مج6 , ترجمه : محمود حسين الامين , مؤسسة فرانكلين للطباعة والنشر , الموصل , 1964.
2- Encyclopedia Britannica , London , William Benton 1966, vol. 3, 18.
3- Norman Wilding and Philip Laundy ,an Encyclopedia of Parliament , Great Britain , T.&A. Cosabeltd, London,1972.
القواميس
1- John cannon , Dictionary of British History , Great Britain 2001 .
2- The Basic every day Encyclobedia , Rondom house of Canada , New York, 1954.
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