The Conflict of Opposing Dualities in the Poetry of Muhammad Jawad al-Sudani

Authors

  • Furqan Mahdi Abbas Kufa University, Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33193/JALHSS.132.2026.1706

Keywords:

Antithetical binaries, artistic image and music, Najaf poetry, royal era

Abstract

The importance and purpose of the research are revealed through its questions: What are the opposing dualities that reflect reality in the mind, and which poets reflect in their expressions to reveal their suffering and their sense of the dangers of the conflict of opposites, if left unaddressed? To what extent has this modern critical approach succeeded in revealing the aesthetics of the text and the depth and authenticity of the image? What are the opposing dualities prevalent in the royal era, which Al-Sudani highlighted?

The nature of the research required dividing it into an introduction and five sections, followed by a conclusion dedicated to highlighting the most important findings of the research, followed by a list of the research sources and references. The first of the five sections is devoted to examining the dichotomy of imagination and reality, the second to examining the dichotomy of colonialism and liberation from it, the third to examining the dichotomy of identity and reification, the fourth to examining the dichotomy of extreme poverty and obscene wealth, and the fifth to examining the dichotomy of ignorance and reason.

References

The Holy Qur’an

1. Strategy of Colonialism and Liberation, Dr. Jamal Hamdan, Dar Al-Shorouk, Beirut, 1st ed., (1403 AH / 1983 CE).

2. The Interrogative Style in the Holy Qur’an: Its Purpose and Syntax, Abdul Karim Muhammad Yusuf, Al-Sham Printing Press, Damascus, 1st ed., (1421 AH / 2000 CE).

3. History of Colonialism and Liberation in Africa and Asia, Abdul Hamid Zouzou, University Publications Office, Institute of History – University of Algiers, 2009 CE.

4. History of Literary Criticism among Arabs from the Pre-Islamic Era to the Fourth Century AH, Taha Ahmad Ibrahim, Dar Al-Hikma, Damascus, 1972 CE.

5. Treasures from Biographies of Scholars of Kufa and Najaf, Dr. Sabah Nouri Al-Marzouq, Najaf Center for Authorship, Publishing, and Research, 2012 CE.

6. Tadhkirat al-Huffaz, Abu Abdullah Shams al-Din Muhammad al-Dhahabi (d. 748 AH), ed. Mustafa Umayrat, Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, Beirut, Lebanon, 1st ed., (1419 AH / 1998 CE).

7. T.S. Eliot: The Poet-Critic, F.O. Matthiessen, trans. Dr. Ihsan Abbas, Al-Asriyya Library, Sidon-Beirut, in cooperation with Franklin Publishing, Beirut-New York, (1965 CE).

8. Al-Ta‘rifat (Definitions), Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Muhammad al-Jurjani (d. 816 AH), presented by Dr. Ahmad Matlub, General Cultural Affairs House, Ministry of Culture and Information, Baghdad, Iraq, (1406 AH / 1986 CE).

9. Binary Oppositions: A Study in Terminology and Meaning, Samar al-Diyoub, Islamic Center for Strategic Studies, Al-Abbas Holy Shrine, 1st ed., (1439 AH / 2017 CE).

10. Rhetoric, Aristotle, trans. Abdul Rahman Badawi, Dar al-Rashid, Republic of Iraq, 1980 CE.

11. Diwan of Imru’ al-Qays, collected and introduced by Dr. Yassin al-Ayyoubi, Islamic Office, Beirut, Lebanon, 1st ed., (1419 AH / 1998 CE).

12. Diwan of the Hudhayl Tribe, Egyptian National Library, Cairo, (1367 AH / 1948 CE).

13. Semiotics of Qur’anic Rhythm and Pauses: A Study in the Acoustic Miracle, Dr. Toman Ghazi al-Khafaji, Dar Tamouz for Printing and Publishing, Damascus, Syria, 1st ed., 2013 CE.

14. Poets of al-Ghari, Ali al-Khaqani, Al-Haydariyya Press, Najaf, (1374 AH / 1954 CE).

15. Poets of Najaf in Al-Babtain Encyclopedia of Arab Poets in the 19th–20th Centuries, prepared by the General Secretariat of the Foundation, Kuwait, 2012 CE.

16. Subh al-A‘sha fi Sina‘at al-Insha, Ahmad ibn Ali ibn Abdallah al-Qalqashandi (d. 821 AH), facsimile of the Egyptian Amiri Press edition, (1383 AH / 1963 CE).

17. The Road to the Text: Essays on the Arabic Novel, Suleiman Hussein, Arab Liberator Publishing House, 2015 CE.

18. Al-‘Urf al-Tayyib fi Sharh Diwan Abi al-Tayyib al-Mutanabbi, Nasif al-Yaziji, Dar al-Qalam, Beirut, Lebanon, 2nd ed., (n.d.).

19. Factors that Made Najaf a Poetic Environment, Ja‘far al-Khalili, Al-Adab Press, Najaf, 1971 CE.

20. The Art of Poetic Meter and Rhyme, Dr. Safa Khulusi, General Cultural Affairs House, Baghdad, Iraq, 5th ed., 1977 CE.

21. Contemporary Issues in Philosophy, Abdul Fattah al-Didi, Cairo, 1967 CE.

22. Past and Present of Najaf, Ja‘far Mahbuba, Al-Adab Press, Najaf, 2nd ed., 1958 CE.

23. Al-Mathal al-Sa’ir fi Adab al-Katib wa al-Sha‘ir, Dia’ al-Din ibn al-Athir (d. 638 AH), ed. Dr. Ahmad al-Hufi and Dr. Badawi Tabana, Nahdat Misr Library, 1st ed., (1380 AH / 1960 CE).

24. Majma‘ al-Amthal, Abu al-Fadl Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Maydani (d. 518 AH), ed. Muhammad Muhyi al-Din Abd al-Hamid, Al-Sa‘ada Press, Egypt, 2nd ed., (1379 AH / 1959 CE).

25. Majma‘ al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Qur’an, Abu Ali al-Fadl ibn al-Hasan al-Tabarsi (d. 548 AH), ed. Committee of Scholars, presented by Muhsin al-Amin al-Amili, Al-A‘lami Publishing Institute, Beirut, Lebanon, (1415 AH / 1995 CE).

26. Al-Muhit fi Aswat al-‘Arabiyya wa Nahwiha wa Sarfiha, Muhammad al-Antaki, Dar al-Sharq Library, Syria Street, Beirut, 1st ed., (1392 AH / 1972 CE).

27. Guide to Understanding Arab Poetry and Its Craft, Abdullah al-Tayyib al-Majdhub, Al-Babi al-Halabi Press, Egypt, 1st ed., (1374 AH / 1955 CE).

28. Al-Mu‘jam al-Wasit, group of authors, Al-Shorouk International Library, 1st ed., (1425 AH / 2004 CE).

29. Dictionary of Thinkers and Writers in Najaf over a Thousand Years, Muhammad Hadi al-Amini, Al-Adab Press, Najaf al-Ashraf, (1384 AH / 1964 CE).

30. Introduction to Feudalism and Land System in Iraq, Salah al-Din al-Nahi, Dar al-Ma‘rifah Press, Baghdad, (1374 AH / 1955 CE).

31. Al-Muqaddimah, Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn Khaldun (732–808 AH), ed. Abdullah Muhammad al-Darwish, Dar Ya‘rub, Damascus, 1st ed., (1425 AH / 2004 CE).

32. Music of Poetry, Dr. Ibrahim Anis, Dar al-Qalam, Beirut, Lebanon, 1973 CE.

33. Theory of the Point in Renewing Arab Thought, Toman Ghazi al-Khafaji and Khalid Kazim Hamidi, Dar Kunuz al-Ma‘rifah, Amman, Jordan, 2019 CE.

34. Al-Nafthat: Diwan of Sheikh Muhammad Jawad al-Sudani, Zain Legal and Literary Library Publications, Beirut, 1st ed., 2020 CE.

35. Naqd al-Shi‘r (Criticism of Poetry), Abu al-Faraj Qudama ibn Ja‘far (d. 337 AH), ed. Dr. Muhammad Abd al-Mun‘im Khafaji, Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, Beirut, Lebanon, (n.d.).

36. Reality and Imagination, Dr. Mursal Faleh al-Ajmi, Alam al-Ma‘rifah (Issue 418), Kuwait, 2014 CE.

37. James Hut, The Second Industrial Revolution: The History of a Concept, Storia Della Storiografia, 1999, Issue (36).

38. Humanizing Space in Poetic Metaphors of Muhammad al-Thubaiti, Abdulilah bin Abdulaziz al-Ghamiz, Master’s Thesis, College of Arabic Language, Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University, (1436–1437 AH).

39. Poetry of Muhammad Jawad al-Sudani: A Thematic and Artistic Study, Manal Khaz‘al Hilil, Master’s Thesis, College of Education for Women, Department of Arabic Language, University of Kufa, (1446 AH / 2025 CE).

40. Poverty and the Poor in the Light of the Qur’an: A Thematic Study on Poverty, Its Causes, and Remedies, Yunada Kosuma, Master’s Thesis, Graduate School, Department of Islamic Studies, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University, Indonesia, (1444 AH / 2023 CE).

1. Al-Barqa‘awi between Authenticity and Renewal, Muhammad Husayn Ghaybi, article published in Al-Furat Weekly Newspaper, issued in Najaf al-Ashraf, Issue (99), Monday, (25 Muharram 1423 AH / April 8, 2002 CE).

2. Structure of Binary Oppositions: A Linguistic Analytical Study, Badr Ali al-‘Abd al-Qadir, research published in Journal of the Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Issue (26), 2020 CE.

3. Reification and Self-Crushing in the Sasanian Poem of al-Ahnaf al-‘Ukbari (d. 385 AH): A New Critical Vision, Muhammad Taha Salih Khidr, research published in Journal of the Faculty of Arabic Language in Mansoura, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Issue (38), 2019 CE.

4. Binary Oppositions in the Novel (Speak, Do Not Be Silent; Do Not Speak, Be Silent) by the Writer Husayn al-Haqq: A Descriptive Analytical Study, Dr. Du‘a Muhammad Sha‘ran Hammouda, research published in Journal of the Faculty of Human Studies, Al-Azhar University, Issue (33), June, 2024 CE.

5. Binary Oppositions in the Language of the Literary Text between Artistic Employment and Aesthetic Taste, Ali Zaytouna Mas‘ud, research published in Journal of Arabic Language Sciences and Literature, Algeria, Vol. (7), Issue (7), 2015 CE.

6. The Theory of the Permanent White Man’s Burden, Hala al-Hifnawi, research published in Journal of Event Trends, Issue (36), Winter–Spring, 2024 CE.

Published

2026-08-21

How to Cite

Furqan Mahdi Abbas. (2026). The Conflict of Opposing Dualities in the Poetry of Muhammad Jawad al-Sudani. Journal of Arts, Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences, (132), 46–67. https://doi.org/10.33193/JALHSS.132.2026.1706

Issue

Section

المقالات